Ka Rukom Ïialur Samla bad Poikha Poiman u Khasi ha ka Shnong Wahkhen

Ha ka pyrkhat u Khasi, ka poikha poiman ka dei ka bynta kaba kyrpang bad kyntang haduh katta kata. U Khasi u kheiñ ba ka dei ruh ka bynta jong ka jingsdang jong ka longïing longsem ha ka ban pynïar ïa u tnun u tyndai jong ka longkha longman lane ka long kynthei long shynrang lyngba ki soh ki syntiew kiba mih na ka syngkai jong ki. Kane ka kam ka long ruh kaba u da ñiew tang bad kheiñ burom haduh katta katta ha khmat u briew bad u Blei bad ka long ka kam kaba dang nylla ha ka jingïapoikha poiman kaba dang long tang para khasi. Na kata ka daw, ka jingïapoikha poiman kam dei ka kam leh ruma rutit hynrei ka dei ka kam kaba don burom bad kaba la ju bud hok bud ryntih ïaka riti dustur jong ka jingïapoikha kat kum na ka jinghikai jong u ñi u kong, u tymmen u san ne u longshwa manshwa. Kumta ka jingïapoikha poiman u Khasi ym tang ba ka ïapher na kiwei ki jaitbynriew, hynrei ka ïapher ruh na kawei ka shnong sha kawei pat ne na kawei ka jaka sha kawei pat wat lada ka lah ban dei na kajuh ka thain.

Ha ka pyrkhat u Khasi, ka poikha poiman ka dei ka bynta kaba kyrpang bad kyntang haduh katta kata. U Khasi u kheiñ ba ka dei ruh ka bynta jong ka jingsdang jong ka longïing longsem ha ka ban pynïar ïa u tnun u tyndai jong ka longkha longman lane ka long kynthei long shynrang lyngba ki soh ki syntiew kiba mih na ka syngkai jong ki. Kane ka kam ka long ruh kaba u da ñiew tang bad kheiñ burom haduh katta katta ha khmat u briew bad u Blei bad ka long ka kam kaba dang nylla ha ka jingïapoikha poiman kaba dang long tang para khasi. Na kata ka daw, ka jingïapoikha poiman kam dei ka kam leh ruma rutit hynrei ka dei ka kam kaba don burom bad kaba la ju bud hok bud ryntih ïaka riti dustur jong ka jingïapoikha kat kum na ka jinghikai jong u ñi u kong, u tymmen u san ne u longshwa manshwa. Kumta ka jingïapoikha poiman u Khasi ym tang ba ka ïapher na kiwei ki jaitbynriew, hynrei ka ïapher ruh na kawei ka shnong sha kawei pat ne na kawei ka jaka sha kawei pat wat lada ka lah ban dei na kajuh ka thain.

U E.W. Dkhar u kynthoh kumne, “Ka dei ka hukum Blei ba kynthei shynrang ngi wan sha ka pyrthei ban pyndep ïakata ka hukum”^[1], katba u A.S. Khongphai pat u kynthoh kumne, “Kam dei tang kano kano ka jingïateh kular, hynrei ka dei ka kam kyntang na ka bynta ban pynïar ïa u tnum u tyndai, ban ïakoit ïakhïahkrat, ban khraw u synñiang u bynhei, ban ioh khun ioh kti, bad ban long phur arliang kha ha ki sngi ban wan”.^[2] Ha kane ka jingthoh, nga thmu ban thir bad ban tai shaphang ka rukom poikha poiman ki Khasi ha Wahkhen, ka shnong kaba don la ka rukom poikha poiman kaba kham pher na kiwei pat ki shnong.

Bynta – I: Shongkha Shongman:

Ka Wahkhen ka long ka shnong kaba kham bun na ki nongshong shnong haduh mynta ki dei kiba dang bat ïa la ka niam ka rukom, ka riti dustur tynrai. Mynta haba phai pat shaphang ka kam ïapoikha poiman nga shem ba ki briew ha kane ka shnong ki dei kiba ñiew kor bad kheiñ burom ïa ka. Ki juh ong ruh ba kane ka kam ka dei kaba shong hukum don hukum kumba la buh bad ai ki Blei na jrong ha tbïan.^[3] U Bah Phung Khongwet u ong kumne, “ka dei ka kam kaba ki kmie ki kpa ki da pynsngew bad pynsngap ïala ki jong ki khun kynthei bad shynrang kiba la biang  ka rta ba kane kam dei ka kam ïaleh khiew jakai lane ban ïaleh ruma rutit khlem da bud hok bud ryntih ïaka riti dustur poikha poiman u ñi u kong ne u tymmen u san”.^[4] Shuh shuh u la ïathuh ruh ba kumba long lem sha kiwei ki jaka Khasi, ka kam ïapoikha poiman ha kane ka shnong ka long kaba ki hap ban da ïa ïit bad wad bniah bha nyngkong eh ïaka jingïalong kur long jait, longkha longman lane ka jingïalong sohpet long ksai parakha bad kano kano ka jait ka kur, la ka long na ka liang jong ka long kur kynthei ne ka long kur shynrang namar ba kida kheiñ sang haduh katta katta ban ïapoikha poiman bad kiba dang don ka jingïadei kur ne jingkyndïah lane kyntang kur.^[5] La sngewthuh ruh ba kane ka rukom pyrkhing ha kaba ïadei bad ka poikha poiman ka dei na ka daw ba kim kwah ba kan don kano kano ka byrsieh ne ka shong sang ha kano kano ka longkur longjait namar ba ioh ka long pynban ka raibi na ka bynta ki longdien mandien.

Ka jingong haneng ka kdew tang para khasi. Hynrei kam don pat kano kano ka jingkyndiah ne kyntang ban ïapoikha poiman bad kiwei pat ki bymdei na ka jaitbynriew khasi. U Sung Khongwet ong ba naduh ka por ba jer ba thoh ïa ki khun kynthei bad shynrang kada don ka jingnam ha u Blei najrong ha tbïan ban kyrkhu kyrdoh ïaki, ban plie ka lad ka lynti ïoh kam ïoh jam sharum shaneng ka ri Khasi bad ba kin ïaid kin jngi sawdong kylleng ka pyrthei khlem jingpynwit ne kah lynti da ki ksuid ki khrei ne ki maian mangit jong ki sawdong sawkun jong ka mei ramew shi tyllup.^[6] Halor katei ka nongrim u ong ba kam don kum kata ka jingpyrshah ban ïapoikha poiman bad ki bymdei na ka jaitbynriew Khasi hynrei u la ong pat ba ka jingpyrshah shongkha khleh ka dei tang ka jingpynsngew briew mynta ban ïada ïa ka ri bad ka jaitbynriew ban lait na ka jingshah tyllep ha kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew.^[7] Te, dei na kata ka daw ba hap ban bud ryntih ïaka riti dustur tynrai jong u mynbarim. Kumta ki ong ba ka shongkha shongman ha kane ka shnong ka dei kaba kida pyndep hukum bad bud hukum ïaka riti dustur u mynbarim. 

 Bynta – II: Ka Rta:

Haba phai pat ha ka rta bad ka ïa ban ïïapoikha poiman ha kane ka shnong ki la ïathuh ba ka kynthei kaba la biang  pura bha ka dei hapdeng arphewsan snem haduh laiphew snem ka rta katba ïa u shynrang pat ka dei hapdeng laiphew snem haduh laiphewsan snem ka rta.^[8] U ong ruh ba kane ka dei ka rta kaba la biang  pura bha ha ka jinglong met long phad jong ki bad ba la ïar ka jingmut jingpyrkhat bad ba la skhem bha ruh u budlum.^[9] Ka don ruh ka jingong ba lada ka jingïapoikha poiman ka long ha katei ka rta ba la kdew haneng khamtam ïa u shynrang kamut ba ki kmie ki kpa jong u ki ioh bha ki biang bha namar ba u la lah ban ïarap shibun ïa ki jingdonkam jong ka ïing ka sem jong u. U ïathuh ruh ba kane kam mut pat ba baroh ki khun kynthei bad shynrang ki ïapoikha poiman tang ha katei ka rta ba la pynsngew haneng hynrei don pat kiba hapoh jong katei ka rta ruh ki la ïapoikha ne ki la ïoh khun ioh kti. Shuh shuh u ïathuh ruh ba hapdeng katei ka rta u shynrang u la sngewthuh bha kumno ban bah wait lyngngun ban leit sha bri, ka kynthei pat ka la nang bha ban lum ïa ka kriah ka shang bad ka la sdang ruh ban ïa myllen ka ïa bam jasong (kwai tynpew) bad la ki paralok kynthei. La ong ruh ba ki samla shynrang jong kane ka shnong kim da kyrkieh eh ïaka poikha poiman hynrei ki kham sngewtynnat ban ïawer para samla ban pynlut ïaka por ha ki kam sngewbha katba ïaki samla kynthei pat ka don ka jingong ba wat ha ka rta kaba la samla bha ruh kim pat nang ban pynitynnat ïa lade ne ban leh samla.

Bynta – III: Ka Sneng Ka Kraw:

Haba ki kmie ki kpa ki la ïohi ba ki khun ki la sdang samla bad ba ki la heh la san ha ka longrynïeng manrynïeng jong ki, bunsien ki ju sneng ju kraw bad pynsngewthuh ban btin lynti ïa ki ba kin poi ha ka hukum briew hukum blei ha ka poikha poiman. U shynrang ha kane ka shnong haba u ibha ne imon ïa kano kano ka kynthei ne ka samla briew, u da tohkit bha bad da ïit bniah ïa ka jinglong jong ka longïing longsem bad ka long kur long jait jong ka. Wat lada u imon katno katno ruh um shlan ban tur shaphrang namar u kynmaw kyndiang ïa ki kyntien sneng jong ki kmie ki kpa, ba u sheptieng ïoh poi ne shah ha ka lehraiñ jah burom. Haba u la sngewthuh pat ba ka samla ka long kaba bit ba biang ban ïapoikha poiman, kumta u la sdang ban leit kai ha ïing jong ka bun bun sien kumno ban lap bad twad jingmut hi da lade ïaka jingsngew jong ka. Ha kane ka kynti pat ki kmie ki kpa jong ka kynthei haba ki iohi ïakane, ki sdang ban kylli ban pyrthew na ka khun la u dei na ka kur ka jait aiu, ka longïing longsem kaba kumno bad u briew uba kumno ha ka ïaid ka ïeng? Haba ka kynthei ka ïathuh ïakaei kaei baroh ha la ki kmie ki kpa ïakaei kaba ka tip ka shem bad ba ka la imon ibha ïa u, kumta sa don pat ka jingïakren ha ka liang ka ïing ka sem naduh ki kñi, ki meinah meisan, ki pasan pakhynnah jong ka baroh. Bad haba ym don kano kano ka wit ka wa hapdeng jong ki, kumta ki sdang pat sa ka ïapynkynduh kñi ha baroh arliang Kur kata na ka liang u kñi kynthei bad u kñi shynrang, hynrei lada jiapat ba ka kynthei ne u shynrang ki dang ïaartatien lane kim pat sngew skhem jingmut bha ki pynkut pynwai noh ha kane hi ka sngi kaba long kum ka sngi pynskhem ne pynïateh ktien. Ha kane ka liang la ïathuh ruh ba ki kmie ki kpa jong baroh arliang kim ju pynbor ïala ki khun ban pynïapoikha jubor.^[10]

Bynta – IV: Ka Ïalur Samla:

Ka rukom ïalur samla ha kane ka shnong ka dei kata kaba ki ong ka leit “rkai khynraw”. Kane ka leit rkai khynraw ka dei kaba ju leit da ka kynhun, ka lah ban long ar ngut, lai ngut lane palat ïakata. Ha kane ka leit rkai khynraw, ynda la poi ha syrdeng ïing jong ka kynthei ki shynrang ki ïakyntuid kti para ma ki ban kynhoi ha kata ka sur ba ka kynthei kan ioh sngew ïaki.^[11] Bunsien hi ka jingpynmih sur ka dei na u shynrang u ba shlur bad u ba don jingmut shisha ïaka. La ong pat haba ka kynthei ka ioh sngew ïaka sur jong ki ka jubab saham kum ban ong ba ka la iohthiah hynrei kane ka dei tang ka jingleh mynleh jong ka ban pyni ba ka thiah kloi.^[12] Dei kum ha kata ka khyllipmat ka kynthei ruh ka sdang ban leh jan ïa u shynrang lada ka imon ïa u, ka da pynsngew ha uwei na ki ïa kum kine ki kyntien: “Ani! Ngam don kwai don tynpew shuh phi mynta ka miet, long mo ba phin wan pynrah lem lashai ka sngi?”^[13] Shisien ba u la sngewthuh ïaka jingmut jong ka, u jubab da kaba kren kumne: “Wa! balei ym long sa ïa ita i kam iba rit eh?” To ieh ngan sa wanrah lashai ka janmiet ho. Hadien kata, ki paralok shynrang kiba ïaleit lang haba ki la sngewthuh ïakata kin sa ieh noh ïau marwei ba un leit dem rkai khynraw ha ïing jong kata ka kynthei. Kane ka rukom leit rkai khynraw ka dei ha ka por mynmiet ynda haba ki la dep ka trei ka ktah, ka bam ka dih bad ha shwa ban thiah. Kane ka dei kaba ki dang leh haduh kine ki sngi kiba mynta lait noh tang katto katne kiba la pule bad leit skul ki bym leh shuh ïakane.^[14] Ka daw lehse ka lah ban dei ba ki samla kiba la pule kim sah shuh ha shnong.

Don sa kawei pat ka kam ïalur samla ha kane ka shnong kaba kham pher bad sngew phylla haba ïanujor bad kiwei pat ki shnong ba pher ki thaiñ jong ka ri Khasi. Kane ka dei ha ka por kiew ïing thymmai.^[15] Naduh ki por mynshwa haba ka don ka jingpynthymmai ïing, ki trai jong kata ka ïing ki ju khot sngewbha ïaki katto katne ngut ki samla shynrang jong kane ka shnong ban ïarap ha ka ban kit ban bah ïa u tynriew, u shken ne ka ñïai ka siej ha ka ban sop ban spaiñ ïaka ïing trep ïing tynriew.^[16] Ynda haba la dep ka jingshna ïing thymmai, kita ki samla shynrang ba wan ïarap shna ïing kin sa kyrpad na ki trai ïing ba kin pynlong ïaka jingshad kiew ïing thymmai. Hynrei ki trai ïing ki pynsngew pat ha ki ba ki dang bynnud eh ba dang thymmai, ioh don ka jot ka pei ne ka pait ka pra ka ïing. Ki samla shynrang ba wan ïarap ki pynsngew pat ha ki trai ïing ba kim dei ban khuslai ïakata namar ki kloi ban ïarap ïaki lada jiakum kata. Kane ka sur kyntien ka mih bha na  u samla shynrang u ba ïapmat lane itynnat ïaka khun kynthei jong kata ka ïing.^[17] Kham bunsien hi ki trai jong kata ka ïing kim ju kham kyntait ïaka jingtyrwa jong ki samla shynrang namar ba ka / ki khun kynthei jong ki, ka / ki la nang bha ban lum ïaka kriah ka shang, ka ïing, ka sem, bad ba la myllen ka ïabam jasong bad ba la nang ban leh khynraw ne samla.

Ka Jingpynbeit:

Shwa ban poi sha u pud jong ka jingïapoikha poiman ha kane ka shnong, nyngkong eh ka don ka jingïapynbeit bad ïakynduh lang jong baroh arliang kur kynthei bad shynrang hadien ba la mih ka kyntien kyrpad na ka liang ka kynthei bad ba la suk ki kmie ki kpa jong ka. Dei ha kane ka kynti ba sa don ka jingïathir bad ïatai bniah bha na ka liang jong ki kñi shynrang bad kñi kynthei la ka don ne em ka jingïateh sohpet para kha lane kiwei pat kiba lah ban wanrah ïaka shong sang shong ma. Ha bym don jingwit ei ei, sa don pat ka jingpynskhem noh ïaka sngi ka ïaban pynïapoikha noh ïaka khun samla jong ki. Ha kane ka juh hi ka sngi pynskhem lane ïateh ktien u shynrang u la pynkhreh lypa ka jingai sngewbha ïaka kynthei da ka jaiñ kyrshah, ka tap moh khlieh lane da kano kano ka jaiñ. Kumjuh ka kynthei ka la pynkhreh lypa na ka bynta u shynrang da kaba ai da ka sopti poh lane ka jain kum ka dak Ryndia ka sakhi ha khmat u briew bad u Blei.^[18]

Ka Jingleit Kurim:

Ha ka step sngi kyntiew kurim u shynrang u khreh u khrum ha la ka jong ka ïing ha ryngkat u kñi bad ki lok ki jor ban leit synran ïau. Dei ha kane ka por ba u shynrang u la pynkhreh lypa kawei ka jaiñ na ka bynta u kñi u ban synran ïau ha ka jingleit kurim jong u. Kane ka jingai burom ka shong kat kum ka jinglah bor jong u. Kaba kham kongsan tam ka dei ka ktien pynsngew jong u ïala u jong u kñi. Nyngkong eh, ka jingleh niam ka sdang ha ïing jong u shynrang lyngba ki kyntien jong u kñi, ha ryngkat ki kmie ki kpa, ki meinah meisan, ki lok ki jor bad kumta ter ter kat kiba ki ïadon lang baroh sha kane ka jingkhot sngewbha jong ka jingïapoikha. Ka jingleh niam hangne ka long tang da u khaw bad ka um bad ka don ruh ka jingpynkhreh shi klong ka ‘yïad um ban rah sha ïing jong ka kynthei. Hadien ba la dep ïa ka jingleh niam kin sa ïamih ban leit sha ïing jong ka kynthei bad ki da maham ruh ba ki kmie ki kpa, ki meinah meisan, ki pasan pa-khynnah bad baroh ki khmat kynthei ba kim bit ban leit sha ïing ka kynthei namar ki khein ba ka long kumba aiti duh ïala u khun, u kur u para ha ka jait ne ka kur jong ka kynthei. Kumba long lang sha kiwei ki shnong ïau hynmen shynrang jong u nongleit kurim lada u dang samla ne um pat ioh briew la kyndïah ban leit sha ïing ka kynthei namar ba ki ong ioh u shong ïing Kur sah lane shong khynraw sah.

Hangne ha ïing jong ka kynthei ruh ka jingleh ïaka niam ka rukom kyntiew kurim ka long tang da u khaw bad ka um ryngkat shi klong ka ‘yiad um na u shynrang bad shi klong ka ‘yiad um na ka kynthei ban suit ban shor ha ka longkur longjait, longmei longpa, longkha longman bad ban roi ban ïar u tnum u tyndai ki saia songkwai. Ynda la dep ka niam ka rukom baroh, kin sa ïashim bynta ha ka jingkhawai kyntiew kurim ne ka jingïapoikha poiman.

Lai sngi hadien ka jingkyntiew kurim, ki arngut shi tnga lem bad katto katne ki Kur ka kynthei kin sa leit sha ïing u shynrang ban ïakynduh ïaki kiaw ki kthaw bad kiba ha ïing ha sem u shynrang. Ki da rah ïa u kwai, u tynpew bad khyndiat u kpu ban ai burom ïa kiba ha ïing u shynrang. La ong ruh ba shwa lai sngi hadien ba la pyndep ïaka jingkyntiew kurim, u shynrang um ju leit sha ïing Kur namar ki khein ba ka dang dei ka por ha kaba dang sdang ka jingïateh ïau sohpet u ksai jong ka jingïalong shi tnga. Don pat ka jing ong ba haduh katno eh u kyrduh ja kyrduh doh ne u ïap ja ïap doh ba un leit noh dang kloi sha ïing Kur.

Jingpynkut:

Kyntang ïawai, haba pynkut nia ïa kane ka jingthoh la lap ba ka shnong Wahkhen haduh mynta mynne ka dei kaba dang bud bad pynneh pynsah ïaka riti dustur tynrai jong u mynbarim. Hangne hangtai ka don pat ka jingïadei ha ka rukom leh bad kiwei ki shnong kum ka jingleit kai ïing kïaw. Hynrei ka jingïapher ka long ba ki Nong Wahkhen ki dang ïapynneh ïaka dustur shna ïing shna sem sha ïing jong kito kiba don khun kynthei samla bad ban kyrpad ruh ïaki ban pynlong ïaka shad kiew ïing thymmai haduh mynta.

Mr. Wanjoplang Kurbah  is an Assistant Professor of Seng Khasi College, Jaiaw, Shillong. Apart from teaching and writing he is greatly involved in Seng khasi movement. He works as the gneral Secretary of  the Marbisu block of the Seng Khasi. The present Article talks about the special way of naming newborns in the Wahkhen Village of East Khasi hills district.

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[1] E.W. Dkhar, Ka Shongkha Shongman U Khasi, (Sohra:HESPO, 2000) 2-3.

[2] A.S. Khongphai, Principles of Khasi Law,(Shillong: A S Khongphai, 1974), 3.

[3] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Phung Khongwet, 22 tarik Nohprah, 2019.

[4] Ibid.

[5] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Phung Khongwet, 22 tarik Nohprah, 2019.

[6] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Sung Khongwet, 29 tarik Nohprah, 2019.

[7] Ibid.

[8]Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Phung Khongwet, 22 tarik Nohprah, 2019.

[9] Ibid

[10] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Phung Khongwet, 22 tarik Nohprah, 2019;

Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Sung Khongwet, 29 tarik Nohprah, 2019;

Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Pyndapbor Khongjirem, 23 tarik Naiwieng, 2019.

[11] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Phung Khongwet, 22 tarik Nohprah, 2019.

[12] Ibid

[13] Ibid

[14] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Phung Khongwet, 22 tarik Nohprah, 2019.

[15] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Pyndapbor Khongjirem, 23 tarik Naiwieng, 2019.

[16] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Phung Khongwet, 22 tarik Nohprah, 2019.

[17] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Pyndapbor Khongjirem, 23 tarik Naiwieng, 2019.

[18] Ka Jingiakren bad U Rangbah Phung Khongwet, 22 tarik Nohprah, 2019.